シラバス Syllabus	Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences
科目名・科目番号 Subjects・Course Number	02EW411 /   Lecture and Discussion in Human Medical Biology I	02EW413  / Seminar in Human Medical Biology	02EW415  / Practice  in Human Medical Biology I
	02EW412 / Lecture and Discussion in Human Medical Biology II	02EW414  / Seminar in Human Medical Biology II	02EW416　/ Practice  in Human Medical Biology Ⅱ
研究分野 Laboratories	Experimental Pathology	Experimental Pathology	Experimental Pathology
使用言語 Language used （Japanese,  English,  Bilingual）	English	English	English
他研究室学生の受け入れの可否（〇×） Availability for students from other lab.	○ possible	○ possible	×not acceptable in principle
他研究室学生の問い合わせ先 Contact Information for Students from Other  Lab.	KATO Mitsuyasu: mit-kato	KATO Mitsuyasu: mit-kato	KATO Mitsuyasu: mit-kato
授業形態 Course Type	Lecture, presentation and discussion	Seminar	Practice
標準履修年次 Year	1 or 2	1 or 2	1 or 2
実施学期・曜時限等 Semester,Day and Period	ⅠSpring semester / ⅡAutumn semester Teusday 9:15-11:00	ⅠSpring semester / ⅡAutumn semester Thursday 9:15-11:00	ⅠSpring semester / ⅡAutumn semester
開講場所 Room Number	Institute of Medicine Room 721	Institute of Medicine Room 821	Institute of Medicine Rooms 732、733、736、772
単位数 Credit	Spring and Autumn semester, 2 x 2 credits	Spring and Autumn semester, 2 x 2 credits	Spring and Autumn semester, 2 x 2 credits
担当教員名・オフィスアワー等	（make an appointment by E-mail）	（make an appointment by E-mail）	（make an appointment by E-mail）
Faculty Members and E-mail	KATO Mitsuyasu: mit-kato	KATO Mitsuyasu: mit-kato	KATO Mitsuyasu: mit-kato
	SUZUKI Hiroyuki: h-suzuki	SUZUKI Hiroyuki: h-suzuki	SUZUKI Hiroyuki: h-suzuki
	WATANABE Yukihide: y-watanabe	WATANABE Yukihide: y-watanabe	WATANABE Yukihide: y-watanabe
	OKITA Yukari: yukari-okita	OKITA Yukari: yukari-okita	OKITA Yukari: yukari-okita
授業概要 Course overview	Presentations and discussion will be carried out on the latest research results obtained in our laboratory. Our research focuses on the role of transforming growth factor-β-related molecules in cancer development and stem cell biology, application of macrocyclic peptides in these researches and development of cancer stem cell targeting therapy. Lectures about the related basic knowledge and related research works in the world will be also given.	Mechanism of carcinogenesis, cell growth regulation, cell migration, invasion and metastasis, stem cells and tissue structure formation (histogenesis) will be studied. Research presentation and discussion will improve creativity and independency to make students possible to set up research aims and objectives, select research materials and methods, evaluate reliability and significance of the results, and how to select the next step experiment. Students are expected to remained basic general knowledge during the detailed discussion.	To understand the principles and methods of the experiments required for the research to study molecular mechanisms of cancer initiation, promotion and progression, To build the skill to get reliable and stable experimental results, students learn the methods to evaluate significance and reliability of the experimental results.
授業の到達目標（学修成果） Course Objectives (Learning Outcomes) ←SBO(Specific Behavior Objectives	1. To be able to give presentations on students’ own research and answer the questions on the aims and objectives, materials and methods, results, and the meaning of the research in experimental pathology and cancer research. 2. To be able to explain the originality and peculiarity of the own research in the related research work in the world. 3. To be able to reflect the discussion to improve students’ own research. 4. To be able to understand the significance and weak points of other students’ presentations, ask questions and give comments useful to improve the others’ research. 5. To be able to explain the methods and regulations of recombinant DNA experiments, and to plan, apply and carry out them reasonably and acceptably. 6. To be able to explain the methods, regulations and ethical issues of animal experiments, and to plan, apply and carry out them reasonably and acceptably. 7. To be able to explain the outlines of behavior and its molecular mechanisms of cancer cells in tissues and a whole body of the host, and to explain tissue structure made of cancer cells, interactions between cancer parenchyma and stroma, invasion and metastasis, and immune responses of the host.	1. To be able to select a paper to read in the seminar from major biomedical science journals and online searching systems such as PubMed. 2. To be able to explain the background, outline and described results of the paper within limited time and answer the other students’ questions. 3. To be able to understand the papers selected by other students by pre-reading and the presentation in the seminar, and make critical discussion on the problems and significance of the work. 4. To be able to explain the historical significance of original papers studied in the seminar in the related research field.	1. To be able to explain the basic techniques for cell culture, and to be able to practice cell culture, make frozen stock and restart the culture, examine cellular conditions by microscopic observation, and subdivide the culture cells. 2. To be able to detect the subcellular distribution of a specific molecule in cultured cells using immunofluorescent staining and take photograph. 3. To be able to fix, dehydrate and embed tissues in paraffin and cut thin sections. 4. To be able to stain tissues with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), detect the tissue distribution of the specific molecule by immunohistochemistry, and take photograph, - To be able to select the methods of antigen retrieval, optimization of staining condition, and evaluation of the specificity. 5. To be able to obtain appropriate approval for recombinant DNA experiments either from the university or the government, perform molecular biological experiments to make recombinant DNA in plasmid or viral vectors. 6. To be able to express recombinant DNA constructs in cultured cells, detect the expression by western blotting. To be able to explain the difference of vectors and select appropriate one. 7. To be able to evaluate cell growth promotion and inhibition quantitatively. 8. To be able to evaluate activation and inhibition of cell motility by scratch assay and transwell assay. 9. To be able to obtain appropriate approval for animal experiments from the university, make genetically-modified mice, cancer cell transplantation experiments and chemical carcinogenesis experiments.
キーワード Keyword	Cancer, Stem cells, Transforming growth factor-b, PMEPA1/TMEPAI、MAFK、GPNMB、THG-1	Cancer, Stem cells, Transforming growth factor-b, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance	Cancer, Stem cells, Transforming growth factor-b, Cell culture, Sphere, Invasion, Imaging, Genome editing
授業計画 Course Schedule 第1回（月日、時限）担当教員名　講義内容など	Mechanism of carcinogenesis, cell growth regulation, cell migration, invasion and metastasis, stem cells and tissue structure formation (histogenesis) will be studied. Research presentation and discussion will improve creativity and independency to make students possible to set up research aims and objectives, select research materials and methods, evaluate reliability and significance of the results, and how to select the next step experiment. Students are expected to remained basic general knowledge during the detailed discussion.	1. Selection of a paper for our journal club 2. Composition of biomedical science papers 3. How to read figures and tables 4. Logics and coherence of biomedical science papers 5 Historical values and originality of excellent biomedical science papers Carry out deep and detailed reading and discussion to understand above issues. Try to remind general knowledge during each specific discussion.	1. Cell culture 2. Immunofluorescent staining of cultured cells 3. Fixation, dehydration, embedding of tissues in paraffin and thin sectioning 4. Immunohistochemistry: antigen retrieval, optimization of staining, evaluation of specificity 5. create recombinant DNA, subcloning, addition of designed mutations, and DNA sequencing 6. Western blotting 7. Cell proliferation, how to use hemocytometer and draw growth curves 8. Cell movement: scratch assay, transwell assay, Matrigel invasion assay 9. Knockout mice, transgenic mice
履修条件 Course prerequisite	None	None	We accept registration by the students who select experimental pathology for their research field.
成績評価方法 Grading Criteria	Grading will be based on the levels of achievements of SBO evaluated by presentations and discussions in the class and the reports on own presentations. ・General achievements in SBO 1-3 with supervisors’ instructions will be evaluated to pass (C or upper). ・ General achievements in SBO 1-3 with supervisors’ instructions and active participation in 4 will be evaluated as B or upper. ・Excellent achievements in SBO 1-4 and 7 by students by themselves and successful achievements in 5 and/or 6 with supervisors’ instructions will be evaluated as A. ・Excellent achievements in SBO 1-7 by students by themselves will be evaluated as A+.	Grading will be based on the levels of achievements of SBO evaluated by presentations, discussion and 3 submitted reports on the studied papers. ・General achievements in SBO 1-2 with supervisors’ instructions and 3 reports on the studied papers will be evaluated to pass (C or upper). ・General achievements in SBO 1-2 with supervisors’ instructions, active participation in SBO 3 and 3 reports on the studied papers will be evaluated as B or upper. ・General achievements in SBO 1-3 and excellent 3 reports on the studied paperswill be evaluated as A or upper. ・General achievements in SBO 1-4 and excellent 3 reports on the studied papers will be evaluated as A+.	Evaluation by the quality and reliability of the experimental results（50 %） Evaluation of daily notes, ability to explain the research results and planning of next experiments（50%）
学修時間の割り当て及び授業外における学修方法 Learning method	Lecture 100% Self Study: Plan experiments to be done by yourself, select research materials and methods, carry out them, evaluate the results, discuss always with your laboratory colleagues, ask questions to faculty members, and improve your creativity, independency, and performance as a cancer researcher.	Training (Seminar) 100% Self Study: Read the sent papers and extract the discussion points before attending the classes.	Experiment, Practice 100% Self Study: Learned experiments must be repeated by the students, and establish stable and reliable technique.
教材・参考文献 Textbook	Textbook：『Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease』 9th Edition, Chapter 7, Neoplasia. Kumar, Abbas, Aster ed., Elsevier Saunders, 2014 『the biology of CANCER』 2nd Edition, Robert A. Weinberg, Garland Scence, 2013 『The TGF-β Family』 Derynck and Miyazono ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2008	PDF files of the original paper will be sent to the attendants on every Monday.	The protocol of each experiment will be provided.
単位取得要件 Requirement to earn credit	Requirement to earn credit: Attendance 80％ or more. Attendance of 5 hours or more to other lab's classes.	Requirement to earn credit: Attendance 80％ or more. Attendance of 5 hours or more to other lab's seminars.	Requirement to earn credit: Attendance 80％ or more.
その他（受講上の注意点等） Notes	Take this course with Seminar in Experimental Pathology and Cancer Research. Questions must be asked outright.	Take this course with Lecture and Discussion in Experimental Pathology and Cancer Signaling. Questions must be asked outright. Try to make rigorous, scientific and logical discussion.	We accept registration by the students who select experimental pathology for their research field. Registration must be done after approval of the responsible faculty. Questions must be asked outright.
他の授業科目との関連 Relation to Other Courses	Seminar in Human Medical Biology I, II Practice  in Human Medical Biology I, II	Lecture and Discussion in Human Medical Biology I, II Practice  in Human Medical Biology I, II	Lecture and Discussion in Human Medical Biology I, II Seminar in Human Medical Biology I, II

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